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Phono, short for phonograph, can refer to a turntable, but it is more accurately the name for the whole system that uses a needle to play back recordings on vinyl discs. Some modern turntables come as standalone devices, and need external speakers or a separate amplifier to output sound. These would not be called phonographs, but just turntables. But a phonograph in the classic sense is indeed a turntable, plus an amplifier and a speaker.