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In audio production, effects are used to alter or enhance the original sound in various ways. These alterations can include changes in equalization, dynamics, time, and frequency related parameters, and can be used to correct issues, draw attention to specific parts of a mix, or creatively modify the sound.

The most common audio effects include:

1. Equalization ( EQ): EQ is used to adjust the balance between frequency components of a sound, by either cutting or boosting specific frequency bands. For example, a producer may use EQ to make a vocal track sound clearer by reducing low frequency rumble and adding a bit of high frequency sparkle.

2. Compression: Compression is used to reduce the dynamic range of a sound by lowering the level of loud parts of a signal and raising the level of quiet parts, which can make the overall sound seem more constant and balanced. Compressors also tend to bring forward the attacks of